Permanent waving apparatus



Jury 31, 193.4. D. LAKENBACH 1,968,773

PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 18, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet l lEl b'.

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INI/ENTo/e ,DAW/EL LAKE/vano# Wmdg -TORNEY' July 3l, 1934. D. LAKENBACH PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 18, 1935 Patented July 3l, 1934 vUNITED STATES PATENT trici:

1,968,773 PERMANENT WAVINGYAPPARATUS York Appiicaon August 18, 1983, sria1N0.685,684

25 Claims.

10 vide an internal heating unit which is adapted to be removably inserted into a curling rod or mandrelprovided with an axial bore' to receive such heating unit. A

`A further object of the invention is to provide 15,` a curlingrod Vof suchconstruction that my novel vremovable internal heating unit may be inserted into the Acurling rod at either end thereof, depending upon the particular position assumed by the curling rod upon the head, such position 20,: determining through which end of the curling rod the heatingunitis to be insertedlso asto obtain the greatest safety and efficacy in carrying out the application of the heating unit to the curler rod.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a permanent waving apparatus comprising elements, forrinstance, the several heating units necessarily applied simultaneouslyto the head,

making -itpossible to the carry out a method of p imparting the permanent wave, either in the spiral form or the croquignoleform, 0r a combi- 'nation of thesetwo methods. My novel apparatus is also designed to permit the use of a combination of these'two methods in which the heating units maybe connected either in series or` parallel orboth. supplementing-these series or par- `allel units, acontrol devicepermitting the increase or decrease of resistance in the line, with the resultant increase or decrease of wattage in the heaters` and therefore permitting absolute 4Q. heat control, may be used.

Astill further object of `my invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out a permanent waving method'which apparatus is characterized by its compactness, .light weight, the'production thereby of a minimum amount of heat, rand the capacity rofV the apparatus to be operatedY at anV expense for electricalenergy which-is only a fraction. of the electrical Yenergy necessary for` the operation ofapparatuses of the prior art.A

`A still further object of my invention is to provide a protector unit `having an automatic or selfequalizing action with respect to the tensioning of the .hariinfwinding the hair upon the curling 5 Various other objects and the advantages -flowing therefrom will be apparent in conjunction with the following description of'my novel apparatus. v

One ofithe speciiic forms of my invention, embodying the feature of an internalheating unit removably inserted in to the axial bore or -a curling rod is shown in my pending United States application Serial No. 674,786, led JuneS, 1933.

In the accompanying drawings forming'part of this specification, I have shown particular embodiments of my invention by way of illustration rather than by way of limitation. In such drawmgs ' Fig. 1 is a plan View of the protector and curling rod applied thereto, with a strand of hair clamped within the protector and Wound about the curling rod;

Fig. 2 is a side view of the protector and curling rod With the heating unit inserted into the` curling rod;

Fig.. 3 isV an end viewl showing the method of fastening the curling rod to the protector;

Fig. .4 is a section on the line 4--4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5.is a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2; Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectionr through the curling rod; f W

Fig. 7 is `a section on the line 7-7 of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is an end vievvA of the curling rod showing the breached corners in the bore of the rod for anchoring the tightening key;

Fig. 9 is a plan View of my novelremovable internal heating unit; v

Fig. 10 ,is a longitudinal 'section through the heater unit;

Fig.V 11 s a section on the line 10; and

Fig. 12 shows my novel heating Lmit inserted in the bore of a spiral curling rod with the latter applied to the protector.

`11-11Y of Fig;

Referring more particularly tothe drawings,

in which similar reference characters identify similar parts in the severalviews, and'inwhich Figs. 1 to 8 illustrateV the'component parts of my apparatus when used in carrying out the croquignolemethod of permanent waving, Jo he tress of hair 15 is clamped betweenthe base portion 16 and a rubber-covered top portion 17 of the clamping `element .comprising the protector, the two portions of the Vprotector being brought into locked cooperative engagement by means of a locking device 18 having a handle 19. This locking device is not herein described in detail as it is of well-known construction and forms no part `of the present invention, with the slight eX'- ception of a stop plate 20 (Fig. 3) which assists the locking device to assume its proper locked position so as to obtain the proper cooperative engagement of the two portions of the protector.

Embedded near one end of the lower clamping membei` 16 and projecting therefrom is a pin 2l, while near the other extremity of such clamp-- ing member and secured therein is a hook 22 which projects outwardly from such member and is then bent so as to run parallel to the surface of such clamping element to a point beyond the extremity of such element.

The curling rod of my apparatus comprises a rod 23 the central portion of which is of reduced diameter. A flip or gripping strip 24 is pivotally mounted at 25 on the rod 23. The other end of the rod 23 is provided with a hub 26 of reduced diameter having a peripheral groove therein nearest the body of the curling rod about which hub is coiled a spring 27 having a plurality of convolutions terminating in a Ushaped bend 28.

At the other end of the curling rod 23 the bore 29 ruiming throughout the length thereof is provided with breached corners 30 to receive the square end of a tightening key 31, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1. The bore 29 of the curling rod 23 is tapered outwardly as at 31 and 32 to facilitate the insertion of the expansion end of the heating unit hereinafter to be described in detail.

My novel removable internal heating unit adapted for use with the croquignole curling rod above described is shown in enlarged detail in Figs. 9 and 11. It consists in an outer shell 33 of metal or Similar heat-conducting material, having an expansion end 34 formed by longitudinal slits 35 provided at opposite faces of the shell. The purpose of providing this type of expension end is to obtain the necessary friction, when the heating unit has been inserted into the bore of the curling rod, to retain the heating unit practically at any depth within the curling rod. A pull knob 36 of a heat resisting material, such as a phenolic condensation product and preferably provided with a knurled surface 37, is fixed to the outer end of the heating unit within which the lead cords 33, 39 terminate.

The heating element of my novel heating unit comprises a coiled resistance 40 housed within two parallel bores 41, 42 in a rod 43 which is secured within the heater shell 33. The rod 43 is made of an insulating or refractory material, for instance, that known as lava.

The assembly of the heating unit is as follows: The coiled resistance elements 40 are passed through both bores 4l and 42 in the lava rod 43 and are joined at the upper extremity of the lava rod, for instance, by twisting, a sealing element 44 of an insoluble material, for instance, porcelain, being applied over the joined ends of` the coiled resistance to secure a moisture and air-tight sealing. The lower extremity of the lava rod is cut away, as shown at 45, so as to leave a tongue or separating wall 46 projecting beyond the cut-away ends of the lava rod. The l ends of the lead cords 38 and 39 are then joined to the free ends of the coiled resistance element 40, asbestos being applied within the upper portion of the recess 47 and there held in place by a sealing material. A brass washer 43 is then put in place by a press fit so as to seal the recess 47, a few of the turns of thespring 49 above the Washer being larger than the remaining turns of the spring so as not to pull through the washer. 1n this manner the spring is securely anchored in the washer.

It will be noted that the outer shell 33 is circumferentially flared at the bottom extremity thereof as at 5) so as to securely fasten such shell within the pull knob 35. Preferably a at surface is also ground on one side of the flared end 5l) of the shell 33 so as to prevent the turning of such shell within the pull knob in which it has been anchored.

It will be noted from Fig. 10 that the lava rod 43 when inserted into the heater shell 33 stops short of the end thereof, thereby providing an air gap which serves to keep the protector cool and acting as an insulating gap due to the fact that there is no transfer of heat by conduction through the upper open end of the shell 33.

The removable internal heating unit just described is adapted for use not only with the curling rod employed in the croquignole method of permanent waving but also for use with the spiral method, its application to the latter method be ing illustratedv in Fig. 12. While the identical form of heating unit is utilized in carrying out such method, the curling rod is necessarily of different construction, comprising the rod 51 having an axial bore 52 to accommodate the heating unit and a head 53 rotatable in one direction and applied to the protector 54 of the type shown and described in my application Serial No. 674,736 hereinabove referred to. Riding over the curling rod is a butterfly clamping element 55 which may be used to tighten the tress 56 about the curling rod after such tress has been wound thereon in the well-known manner.

Returning now to a description of the method of securing the tress of hair in properly tightened position upon the curling rod 23, after the tress has been clamped between the clamping elements of the protector and the locking device 18 has been brought to its closed position, the tress of hair is wound about the curling rod, the end thereof being clamped upon the rod by means of iiip 24, the curling rod, with the hair wound thereon is brought to its position upon the protector py passing the U-shaped bend 28 of the spring 27 under the securing hook 22, thereby loosely fastening the curling rod near one end only. The spring 27 permits tightening of the hair by key 31 so as to hold it in tightened condition by reason of contraction of the spring, permitting the rod to be turned in the direction of the coil of the spring, rather than the opposite direction. As it is only the most experienced operator that succeeds in winding a tress of hair upon the curling rod so as to have such curling rod absolutely parallel to the protector, thereby obtaining an even tensioning and therefore stretching of the hair as it is being wound upon the curling rod, my protector and cooperating curling rod is so constructed that in the application of the latter to the former an automatic or self-equalizing tensioning is imparted to the hair in winding by permitting the curling rod to compensate for unequal stretching of the hair as occurs, for instance, if in the course of the winding of the hair, the rod is not held absolutely parallel to the protector, in which case one side of the strand of the hair is properly stretched while the other side is not. By pivoting the curling rod and fastening the same loosely only to the one side of the protector in the course of the application of the rod into position upon the protector, one end of the rod is caused to pull in one direction While the other end of the rod pulls in the other direction. It will be found in the course of using my device that even the most inexperienced operator` cannot fail lto obtain a proper and even stretching of the hair throughout the length of the curling rod, as the self-equaliaing action above described retards any tendency to leave one portion of the Wound tress loosely wound while tightly Winding the other portion of such strand.

The above explanation will be clarified by the actual carrying out of the winding operation'and those skilled in the art of permanent waving will not failto appreciate its great advantages over the winding of a tress of hair with the devices of the'prior art.

`While I have described specific embodiments of my invention, it is obvious that various modifications therein, particularly in the configuration and arrangement of the various parts may be made without departing from-my invention.

I claim:

1. A permanent waving device comprising Va split protector clamp, a cooperating curling rod havingV an axial bore, and an internal heating unit adapted to be removably inserted into said axial bore during the permanent waving operation.

f 2. An internal heating element for a. curling rod for use with a cooperating protector clamp in permanent waving hair adapted to be inserted into said curling rod during the'heating process and to be removed therefrom upon completion of said heating process.

3. An internal heating element for a curling rod for use with a cooperating protector clamp in permanent waving hair adapted to be inserted 'into said curling rod during the heating process and to be removed therefrom upon completion of said heating process at either end of said curling rod.

4. A permanent Waving ydevice comprising a split protector clamp, a cooperating curling rod having an axial bore, and an internal heating unit adapted to be inserted into said axial bore at either end of said curling rod during the permanent waving operation.

5. A curling rod for use with a cooperating protector clamp in permanent waving hair having an axial bore running throughout the length of the rod and adapted to receive an internal heating unit for the duration of the heating process and to have such unit removed therefrom upon completion of said heating process.

6. A curling rod for use with a cooperating protector clamp in permanent waving hair having an axial bore ruiming from one end of the rod to a vvpoint contiguous its other end and adapted to receive an internal heating unit for the duration of the heating process and to have such unit removed therefrom upon completion of said heating process.

'7. In a permanent waving device, the combination of a split protector comprising two cooperating clamping members, a pin protruding from one of the clamping members near one end thereof, a hooked element protruding from said clamping member near the other end thereof, a curling rod having a hub of reduced diameter at one end and a spring coiled about said reduced hub permitting rotation of the rod in only one direc- -tion and having a U-shaped bend, whereby said ing clamping members, a pin protruding from one of the clamping members near one end thereof, a hooked element protruding from said clamping member near the other end thereof, a curling rod Vhaving an axial bore and having a hub of reduced diameter at one end and a spring coiled about said reduced hub permitting rotation of the rod in only one direction and having a U- shaped bend, whereby said curling rod may be secured to said protector Vby passing the U-shaped bend beneath the hook so as to have the curling rod pivoted upon said protector at one end thereof and an internal heating unit inserted removably within said curling rod'.

`9. A permanent Waving device comprising a split protector, a cooperating curling rod removably secured to said protector and extending perpendicularly therefrom, said curling rod having an internal heating unit removably inserted into said axial bore.

10. A curling rodY for use in permanent waving hair having a hub of reduced diameter at one end and a spring freely coiled about said hub, permitting rotation of the rod within the spring in only one direction. i

11. A curling rod for use in permanent waving hair having a hub of reduced diameter at one end and a spring freely coiled about said hub, permitting rotation of the rod within the spring in only one direction, said spring having a U- shaped bend serving as a thumb-piece for holding the spring against rotation during rotation of said rod.

12. A curling rod for use in permanent waving hair having a spring freely coiled about the rod at one end thereof and permitting rotation of said rod within the spring in only one direction.

13. A curling rod for use in permanent waving hair having a spring freely coiledabout the rod at one end thereof and permitting rotation of said rod Within the spring in only one direction, said spring having a U-shaped bend serving as a thumb piece for holding the spring against rotation during rotation of said rod.

14. A curling rod for use in permanent waving hair, one end of said rod being of reduced diameter and provided with a tension spring freely coiled about said rod and having an extension hook serving as a thumb-piece for holding the spring against rotation during rotation of said rod.

15. A curling rod for use in permanent waving hair, having a hub of reduced diameter at one end and a tension spring freely coiled about said hub and having an extension hook serving as a thumbpiece for holding the spring against rotation during rotation of said rod.

16. A permanent waving device comprising a split protector for use with a curling rod and composed of two cooperating clamping members, one of said clamping membershaving a pin protruding therefrom near one end, and a hook for retaining the mechanism of the curling rod and protruding therefrom near the other end thereof.

17. A permanent waving device comprising a split protector clamp, a co-operating curling rod having an axial bore, and an internal heating unit adapted to be inserted into the bore of said curling rod to produce heat therein and to be thereafter removed from within said curling rod.

18. A permanent waving device comprising a split protector clamp, a cooperating curling rod having an axial bore, and an internal heating unit substantially loosely retained in the bore of said curling rod.

19. A permanent waving device comprising a split protector clamp, a cooperating curling rod having an axial bore, and an independent heating unit adapted to be substantially loosely tted in said axial bore during the heating process of the permanent waving operation.

20. A curling rod for use with a cooperating protector clamp in permanent waving hair having an axial bore running throughout the length of the rod and adapted to have an internal heating unit substantially loosely retained in said axial bore.

2l. A curling rod for use with a cooperating protector clamp in permanent waving hair having an axial bore ruiming from one end of the rod to a point contiguous its other end and adapted to have an internal heating unit substantially loosely retained in said axial bore during the heating process of the permanent waving operation.

22. A curling rod or use with a cooperating protector clamp in permanent waving hair having an axial bore running throughout the length of the rod in combination with an independent heating unit adapted to be substantially loosely tted in said axial bore during the heating process of the permanent waving operation.

23. In a permanent waving device, the combiination of a split protector comprising two cooperating clamping members, a hooked element protruding from one of said clamping members near one end thereof, a curling rod having a hub of reduced diameter at one end and a spring coiled about said reduced hub permitting rotation of the rod in only one direction and having a U- shaped bend, whereby said curling rod may be secured to said protector by passing the U-shaped bend beneath the hook so as to have the curling rod pivoted upon said protector at one end thereof.

2li. In a permanent waving device, the combination of a split protector comprising two cooperating clamping members, a hooked element protruding from one of said clamping members near one end thereof, a curling rod having an axial bore and having a hub of reduced diameter at one end and a spring coiled about said reduce hub permitting rotation of the rod in only one direction and having a U-shaped bend, whereby said curling rod may be secured to said protector by passing the U-shaped bend beneath the hook so as to have the curling rod pivoted upon said protector at one end thereof and an internal heating unit inserted removably within said curling rod.

25. A permanent waving device comprising a split protector for use with a curling rod and composed of two cooperating clamping members, one of said clamping members having a hook for retaining the mechanism of the curling rod and protruding therefrom near one end thereof.

DANIEL LAKENBACH. 

